I. Isingeniso
1.1 Isendlalelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga
Izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga ziyizibani zasemgwaqweni ezisebenzisa amandla elanga njengomthombo wamandla, okuwuhlelo lwamandla ahlanzekile futhi avuselelwe.Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ngokuqwashisa okwandayo kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nesidingo esikhulayo samandla, izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga ziye zavela kancane kancane futhi zathola ukunakwa nokusetshenziswa kabanzi.Isizinda sokuthuthukiswa kwezibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga singalandelwa emuva ku-1970, lapho ubuchwepheshe bamandla elanga bukhula kancane kancane futhi buqala ukusetshenziswa kwezohwebo.Njengoba amandla elanga anezinzuzo zokuvuselelwa, ukuhlanzeka nokungangcolisi, futhi izinkinga zokunciphisa amandla kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi nakakhulu, ukukhanya komgwaqo welanga kuye kwaba uhlobo olusha lokukhetha ukuxazulula izinkinga.
Esikhathini esizayo, izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga zizoqhubeka nokusungula futhi zithuthuke, zandise ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka, ukuze zidlale indima enkulu emkhakheni wezibani zasemgwaqweni futhi zinikeze izinsizakalo zokukhanyisa ezingcono kubantu.
II.Izingxenye zeSolar Street Lights
2.1 Amaphaneli elanga
2.1.1 Isakhiwo nomgomo wephaneli yelanga
Ama-solar panel asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-solar cell ukuguqula amandla elanga abe amandla kagesi.Isakhiwo sawo esiyinhloko siqukethe uchungechunge lwamangqamuzana elanga axhunyiwe akhiwa izingqimba eziningi ezincane zama-silicon wafers noma ezinye izinto ze-semiconductor.Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya iphaneli yelanga, ama-photon ajabulisa ama-electron entweni, edala umsinga kagesi.
2.1.2 Ukukhethwa Kwempahla Nezidingo Zekhwalithi Yama-Solar Panel
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha ama-solar panel kunquma ukusebenza kahle kwazo nokuphila kwazo zonke.Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zephaneli yelanga kufaka phakathi i-silicon ye-monocrystalline, i-polycrystalline silicon ne-amorphous silicon.Enqubweni yokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo, udinga ukucabangela ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu nezinye izici.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-solar panel nawo adinga ukuba nekhwalithi enhle, njengokuqina okuhlangene, ukufana nokuvikelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe umsebenzi ozinzile wesikhathi eside.
2.2 Umthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED
2.2.1 Isimiso Esisebenzayo Somthombo Wokukhanya Kwe-LED
I-LED (I-Light Emitting Diode) iyi-diode ekhipha ukukhanya ekhiqiza ukukhanya ngenqubo yokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwama-electron okubangelwa amandla kagesi aya phambili wamanje ngawo.Lapho i-current idlula ezintweni ze-semiconductor ngaphakathi kwe-LED, ama-electron ahlangana nezimbobo ukuze akhiphe amandla futhi akhiqize ukukhanya okubonakalayo.
2.2.2 Izimpawu nezinzuzo zomthombo wokukhanya we-LED
Umthombo wokukhanya we-LED unezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, impilo ende nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibani zendabuko ze-incandescent kanye ne-fluorescent, umthombo wokukhanya we-LED uwonga kakhulu amandla futhi unokuphila kwesevisi ende.Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthombo wokukhanya we-LED ungafinyelela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo kombala, ukukhanya kanye ne-angle ye-beam, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhanyeni komgwaqo welanga.
2.3 Uhlelo Lokugcina Amandla Ebhethri
2.3.1 Izinhlobo Zohlelo Lokugcina Amandla Ebhethri
Uhlelo lokugcina ibhethri lokukhanya komgwaqo welanga ngokuvamile lisebenzisa amabhethri aphinde ashajwe, njengamabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-lead-acid nokunye.Izinhlobo ezihlukene zamasistimu okugcina amandla ebhethri zinamandla ahlukene okugcina amandla kanye nempilo.
2.3.2 Umgomo wokusebenza wohlelo lokugcina amandla ebhethri
Amasistimu okugcina amandla ebhethri asebenza ngokugcina ugesi oqoqwe amaphaneli elanga ukuze uthole ugesi ebusuku noma ngezinsuku eziguqubele.Lapho iphaneli yelanga ikhiqiza ugesi omningi kunalokho okudingwa ukukhanya komgwaqo, amandla engeziwe agcinwa ebhethrini.Uma ukukhanya komgwaqo kudinga ugesi, ibhethri izokhipha amandla agciniwe ukuze inikeze umthombo wokukhanya we-LED ukuze ukhanyise.Inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha ibhethri ingakwazi ukubona ukuguqulwa nokugcinwa kwamandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokukhanya komgwaqo welanga.
III.Umgomo wokusebenza wamalambu e-solar street
3.1 Inzwa yokukhanya
Ngokusho kokukhanya okubonakalayo okubonakalayo, umsebenzi wenzwa yokukhanya ukwahlulela ukuthi ukukhanyisa kwamanje kuyadingeka futhi ulawule ngokuzenzakalelayo isimo sokushintshwa sokukhanya komgwaqo welanga.Inzwa yokukhanya ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-photosensitive resistor noma i-photosensitive diode njenge-elementi ezwela ukukhanya, lapho amandla okukhanya enyuka, i-voltage ye-resistor noma i-diode izoshintsha, futhi lolu shintsho luzoguqulelwa isignali yokulawula ngokusebenzisa isekethe.
3.2 Uhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo
Uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo luyingxenye eyinhloko yokukhanya komgwaqo welanga, futhi umsebenzi walo ukulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo isimo sokusebenza sokukhanya komgwaqo welanga ngokusho kwesignali yenzwa yokukhanya.Isistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ibona ukulawulwa okuhlakaniphile kokukhanya komgwaqo welanga ngokulawula ukuphuma kwephaneli yelanga, ukukhanya komthombo wokukhanya we-LED kanye nenqubo yokushaja nokukhipha yesistimu yokugcina ibhethri.Imisebenzi yayo ihlanganisa ukushintsha ukukhanya komthombo wokukhanya we-LED ukukhanya nokuvala ngokuvumelana nesignali yenzwa yokukhanya, ukulungisa ukukhanya komthombo wokukhanya we-LED, ukuqapha nokulawula inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha yesistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri, njalonjalo.
3.3 Umphumela we-Photovoltaic wamaphaneli elanga
Amaphaneli elanga asebenzisa umphumela we-photovoltaic ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ugesi.Umphumela we-photovoltaic ubhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi ezintweni ze-semiconductor, lapho ukukhanya kushaya ubuso bezinto ezibonakalayo, ama-photons azojabulisa ama-electron entweni, enze umbane kagesi.
3.4 Ukuphuma kukagesi kwamaphaneli elanga
Lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kushaya iphaneli yelanga, amandla ama-photons ajabulisa ama-electron ochungechungeni lwe-silicon yohlobo lwe-p ukuthi abe ama-electron amahhala, aphinde asuse i-electron ohlwini lwe-silicon yohlobo lwe-n.Lokhu kwamanje kungaphuma njengogesi wephaneli yelanga ngemuva kokuxhuma umugqa.
Okungenhla umgomo wokusebenza weukukhanya komgwaqo welanga.
Izinsiza |Isikrini Esisheshayo Izibani Zakho ZeSolar Street Izidingo
IV.Ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kwelambu le-solar street light
5.1 Ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa njalo
5.1.1 Ukuhlanza nokulungiswa kwamaphaneli elanga
Hlola njalo ingaphezulu lephaneli yelanga ukuze ubone ukuthi akukho yini ukunqwabelana kothuli, ukungcola nokunye.Sebenzisa indwangu ethambile noma isipontshi esicwiliswe emanzini noma isixazululo se-detergent ephansi ukuze usule ngobumnene ingaphezulu lephaneli yelanga.Qaphela ukuthi ungasebenzisi izinto zokuhlanza ezinokhahlo ngokweqile noma amabhulashi angalimaza indawo yephaneli.
5.1.2 Ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside komthombo wokukhanya we-LED
Hlola njalo ukuthi umthombo wokukhanya we-LED unephutha noma wonakele, uma uthola ukuthi ukukhanya kuyafiphala, ukucwayiza noma obunye ubuhlalu besibani kuyacisha, njll., kumele kulungiswe noma kushintshwe ngesikhathi.Naka ukuchithwa kokushisa komthombo wokukhanya we-LED, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi usinki wokushisa noma usinki wokushisa eduze komthombo wokukhanya usebenza kahle, ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile okuholela ekufinyezeni ukuphila komthombo wokukhanya.
5.2 Ukuxazulula Izinkinga Nokunakekela
5.2.1 Amaphutha nezisombululo ezejwayelekile
Ukwehluleka 1: Ukulimala noma ukuphuka kwendawo yephaneli yelanga.
Isixazululo: Uma kuphela indawo yonakele, ungazama ukuyilungisa, uma ukuphuka kunzima, udinga ukufaka esikhundleni sepaneli yelanga.
Ukwehluleka 2: Ukukhanya komthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED kuyafiphala noma ukucwayiza.
Isixazululo: Okokuqala hlola ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kujwayelekile yini, uma ugesi ujwayelekile, udinga ukuhlola ukuthi umthombo wokukhanya we-LED wonakele yini, uma udinga ukushintsha.
Ukwehluleka kwe-3: Uhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo luhluleka, ukukhanya komgwaqo welanga akukwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Isixazululo: Hlola ukuthi izinzwa, izilawuli nezinye izingxenye zesistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo zonakele yini, uma zilimele, zidinga ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa.
5.2.2 Izinsimbi eziyisipele ezibekiwe kanye nokushintshwa kwazo
Ezingxenyeni ezijwayelekile zokugqoka, njengomthombo wokukhanya we-LED, iphaneli yelanga, njll., kunconywa ukuthi ugcine izingxenye ezisele ngesikhathi.Lapho ukukhanya komgwaqo welanga kungasebenzi futhi izingxenye zidinga ukushintshwa, izingxenye ezisele zingasetshenziselwa ukushintshwa ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokulungisa ukukhanya komgwaqo.Ngemva kokushintshwa kwezipele, izingxenye ezishintshwayo kudingeka zihlolwe futhi zihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zisebenza ngendlela efanele.
V. Isifinyezo
Njengesisetshenziswa sokukhanyisa esinobungani nemvelo nesivuselelekayo,izibani zasemgwaqweni zelangababe nethemba elibanzi lentuthuko.Ngokukhula kwesidingo somhlaba wonke sokuthuthukiswa okusimeme, izibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga zizoba yinketho ebalulekile ekukhanyisweni kwasemadolobheni okuzayo.Ngokukhula kwesidingo semakethe,izibani zelanga ezenziwe ngezifisoseziba esinye isidingo esikhulu sezibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga ezithengiswayo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izinga eliphezuluabakhiqizi be-solar street light zokuhlobisa kanye nezibani zomgwaqo ngokwezifiso.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlela okunengqondo, imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokugcinwa okuvamile kungaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile nokusebenza kahle kwezibani zasemgwaqweni zelanga futhi kunikeze izixazululo zokukhanyisa eziluhlaza nezonga amandla emadolobheni.
Ukufunda Okuhlobene
Khanyisa indawo yakho enhle yangaphandle ngezibani zethu zengadi ezisezingeni eliphezulu!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-14-2023