I. Intshayelelo
1.1 Imvelaphi yophuhliso lwesolar street lights
Izibane zasesitalatweni zeSolar zizibane zasesitalatweni ezisebenzisa amandla elanga njengomthombo wamandla, oku kukusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo nahlaziyiweyo.Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ngokunyuka kolwazi lokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yamandla, izibane zelanga zelanga ziye zafika ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye zafumana ingqalelo ebanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa.Imvelaphi yophuhliso lwezibane zelanga ezitalatweni zingalandelwa emva kwe-1970s, xa iteknoloji yamandla elanga ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngokurhweba.Njengoko amandla elanga aneenzuzo zokuhlaziywa, ukucoceka kunye nokungangcolisi, kunye neengxaki zokutshatyalaliswa kwamandla kunye nokungcola kwendalo ziya ziba nzima ngakumbi, ukukhanya kwesitalato sokukhanya kuye kwaba yinto entsha yokukhetha ukusombulula iingxaki.
Kwixesha elizayo, izibane zelanga ezitalatweni ziya kuqhubeka zivelisa kwaye ziphucule, zandise ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka, ukuze zikwazi ukudlala indima enkulu kwintsimi yezibane zesitalato kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokukhanyisa ezingcono kubantu.
II. Iinxalenye zeSolar Street Lights
2.1 Iiphaneli zesola
2.1.1 Ubume kunye nomgaqo wephaneli yelanga
Iiphaneli zelanga zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yeeseli zelanga ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ngamandla ombane.Isakhiwo sayo esiphambili siquka uthotho lweeseli zelanga ezidityanisiweyo ezenziwe ngamacandelo amancinci amancinci e-silicon okanye ezinye izinto ze-semiconductor.Xa ukukhanya kwelanga kubetha ipaneli yelanga, iifotoni zivuyisa ii-electron kwizinto eziphathekayo, zenza umbane wombane.
2.1.2 UKhetho lweMathiriyeli kunye neeMfuno zoMgangatho kwiiPaneli zeSolar
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kwiipaneli zelanga zinquma ukusebenza kwazo kunye nobomi.Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zepaneli zelanga kubandakanya i-silicon ye-monocrystalline, i-silicon ye-polycrystalline kunye ne-silicon ye-amorphous.Kwinkqubo yokukhethwa kwezinto, kufuneka uqwalasele ukuguqulwa kwamandla elanga, ukuchasana kwemozulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nezinye izinto.Ukongezelela, iipaneli zelanga nazo kufuneka zibe nomgangatho omhle, njengokuqina okuhlangeneyo, ukufana kunye nokukhuselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi ozinzileyo wexesha elide.
2.2 Umthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED
2.2.1 UMmiselo wokuSebenza woMthombo wokukhanya we-LED
I-LED (i-Light Emitting Diode) yi-diode ekhupha ukukhanya eyenza ukukhanya ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokudibanisa i-electron eyenziwa yi-voltage yangaphambili yangoku ngayo.Xa okwangoku idlula kwizinto ze-semiconductor ngaphakathi kwe-LED, ii-electron zidibanisa kunye nemingxuma ukukhulula amandla kunye nokuvelisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo.
2.2.2 Iimpawu kunye neenzuzo zomthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED
Umthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED unenzuzo yokusebenza okuphezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, ubomi obude kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.Xa kuthelekiswa nezibane zendabuko ze-incandescent kunye ne-fluorescent, umthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED unamandla ngakumbi kwaye unobomi obude benkonzo.Ukongeza, umthombo wokukhanya we-LED unokufezekisa uhlengahlengiso oluguquguqukayo lombala, ukukhanya kunye ne-angle ye-beam, ngoko ke isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizibane zesitalato zelanga.
2.3 Inkqubo yokuGcinwa kwamandla ebhetri
2.3.1 Iindidi zeNkqubo yokuGcina amandla eBhetri
Inkqubo yokugcina ibhetri yokukhanya kwesitalato selanga ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa iibhetri ezihlawulelwayo, ezifana neebhetri ze-lithium-ion, iibhetri ze-lead-acid kunye nokunye.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla kunye nobomi.
2.3.2 Umgaqo osebenzayo wenkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri
Iinkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri zisebenza ngokugcina umbane oqokelelwe ziipaneli zelanga ukuze unike umbane ebusuku okanye ngeentsuku ezinamafu.Xa iphaneli yelanga ivelisa umbane ongaphezulu kunesidingo sokukhanya kwesitrato, amandla angaphezulu agcinwa kwibhetri.Xa ukukhanya kwesitalato kufuna umbane, ibhetri iya kukhulula amandla agciniweyo ukubonelela umthombo wokukhanya we-LED wokukhanyisa.Ukutshaja ibhetri kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha inokuqonda ukuguqulwa kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokukhanya kwesitalato selanga.
III.Umgaqo wokusebenza wezibane zesitalato zelanga
3.1 Ukuva ukuKhanya
Ngokutsho kokukhanya okubonakalayo kokukhanya, umsebenzi wenzwa yokukhanya kukugweba ukuba ukukhanya kwangoku kuyafuneka kwaye ulawule ngokuzenzekelayo ukutshintshwa kwesimo sokukhanya kwesitrato selanga.Inzwa yokukhanya ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-photosensitive resistor okanye i-photosensitive diode njengento yokukhanya, xa ukukhanya kunyuka, i-voltage ye-resistor okanye i-diode iya kutshintsha, kwaye olu tshintsho luya kuguqulwa lube ngumqondiso wokulawula ngokusebenzisa isiphaluka.
3.2 Inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo
Inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo iyona nxalenye ephambili yokukhanya kwesitrato selanga, kwaye umsebenzi wayo kukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo isimo esisebenzayo sokukhanya kwesitrato sokukhanya kwelanga ngokuhambelana nomqondiso we-sensor yokukhanya.Inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo iqonda ulawulo oluhlakaniphile lokukhanya kwesitrato selanga ngokulawula ukukhutshwa kwepaneli yelanga, ukukhanya komthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED kunye nokutshaja kunye nokukhupha inkqubo yokugcina ibhetri.Imisebenzi yayo ibandakanya ukutshintshwa kokukhanya komthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED kunye nokucima ngokuhambelana nomqondiso we-sensor yokukhanya, ukulungelelanisa ukukhanya komthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED, ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula inkqubo yokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kwenkqubo yokugcina amandla ebhetri, njalo njalo.
3.3 Impembelelo ye-Photovoltaic yeepaneli zelanga
Iipaneli zelanga zisebenzisa i-photovoltaic effect ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ngumbane.Umphumo we-photovoltaic ubhekisela kwinto yokuba kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-semiconductor, xa ukukhanya kubetha ubuso bezinto eziphathekayo, iifotoni ziya kuvuyisa i-electron kwizinto eziphathekayo, zenze umbane wombane.
3.4 Imveliso yombane yeepaneli zelanga
Xa ukukhanya kwelanga kubetha ipaneli yelanga, amandla eefotoni avuselela ii-elektroni ezikudidi lwe-p-udidi lwe-silicon loluhlu ukuze zibe zii-electron zasimahla, kwaye zikwasusa i-electron kuluhlu lwe-n-uhlobo lwesilicon.Lo wangoku unokukhutshwa njengombane wepaneli yelanga emva kokudibanisa umgca.
Oku ngasentla ngumgaqo wokusebenza weukukhanya kwesitalato solar.
Izibonelelo |Isikrini esiKhawulezayo Izibane zakho zesitalato zeSolar zifuna
IV.Ukugcinwa nokulawulwa kwezibane zelanga ezitalatweni
5.1 Ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa rhoqo rhoqo
5.1.1 Ukucocwa nokugcinwa kweSolar panel
Jonga rhoqo umphezulu wepaneli yelanga ukuze ubone ukuba kukho ukuqokelela uthuli, ukungcola kunye nokunye.Sebenzisa ilaphu elithambileyo okanye isipontshi esifakwe emanzini okanye isisombululo esisezantsi sokucoca ukuze usule ngobunono umphezulu wepaneli yelanga.Qaphela ukuba ungasebenzisi izicoci ezirhabaxa kakhulu okanye iibhrashi ezinokonakalisa umphezulu wendawo yolawulo.
5.1.2 Ulawulo lobomi bonke bomthombo wokukhanya we-LED
Khangela rhoqo ukuba umthombo wokukhanya we-LED uphosakele okanye wonakaliswe, ukuba ufumanisa ukuba ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ukukhanya okanye ezinye izibane zesibane ziphuma, njl., kufuneka zilungiswe okanye zitshintshwe ngexesha.Nika ingqalelo ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bomthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-heat sink okanye i-heat sink ejikeleze umthombo wokukhanya isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, ukuthintela ukutshisa okugqithiseleyo okubangela ukuba bufutshane ubomi bomthombo wokukhanya.
5.2 Ukusombulula iingxaki kunye noLondolozo
5.2.1 Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo
Ukungaphumeleli 1: Umonakalo womphezulu wepaneli yelanga okanye ukugqabhuka.
Isixazululo: Ukuba kuphela indawo yonakele, unokuzama ukuyilungisa, ukuba ukugqabhuka kunzulu, kufuneka utshintshe iphaneli yelanga.
Ukungaphumeleli 2: Ukukhanya komthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED kuncipha okanye ukudanyaza.
Isisombululo: Okokuqala khangela ukuba umbane uqhelekileyo, ukuba unikezelo lwamandla luqhelekileyo, kufuneka ukhangele ukuba umthombo wokukhanya we-LED wonakele, ukuba ufuna ukutshintsha.
Ukungaphumeleli kwe-3: Inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ihluleka, ukukhanya kwesitalato selanga akukwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
Isisombululo: Khangela ukuba ngaba i-sensors, abalawuli kunye namanye amacandelo kwinkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo zonakaliswe, ukuba zonakaliswe, kufuneka zilungiswe okanye zitshintshwe.
5.2.2 Ugcino lwamalungu asetyenzisiweyo kunye nokutshintshwa
Kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokunxiba, ezinje ngomthombo wokukhanya kwe-LED, iphaneli yelanga, njl.njl., kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugcine iindawo ezisecaleni ngexesha.Xa isibane sasesitalatweni sesolar sisilela kwaye iinxalenye kufuneka zitshintshwe, ii-spare parts zingasetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa ukunciphisa ixesha lokugcinwa kwezibane zasesitalatweni.Emva kokutshintshwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, iindawo ezitshintshiweyo kufuneka zihlolwe kwaye zivavanywe ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.
V. Isishwankathelo
Njengesixhobo sokukhanyisa esinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo,izibane zesitalato zelangababe nethemba lophuhliso olubanzi.Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yehlabathi yophuhliso oluzinzileyo, izibane zelanga ziya kuba lukhetho olubalulekileyo lokukhanyisa ezidolophini kwixesha elizayo.Ngokukhula kwemfuno yemarike,izibane zelanga ezenzelwe wenazisiba lelinye imfuno ephambili yezibane zesolar zentengiso ezitalatweni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha umgangatho ophezuluabavelisi bezibane zelanga zokuhombisa kunye nezibane zesitrato zesiko.Ngexesha elifanayo, ukucwangciswa okunengqiqo, iimveliso eziphezulu kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kunokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezibane zesitalato zelanga kunye nokubonelela ngezisombululo zokukhanyisa eziluhlaza kunye nezonga amandla kwiidolophu.
Ufundo olunxulumeneyo
Khanyisa indawo yakho entle yangaphandle ngezibane zethu ezikumgangatho ophezulu wegadi!
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-14-2023